Psoriasis is a noninfectious skin disease is expressed by formation of red scaly patches covered with itchy, silvery scales. Usually psoriasis develops in young people 20-30 years. The disease is not a threat to human life, but cause him great suffering psychological in nature, until social exclusion.
The causes of the disease
Causes of psoriasis, to date, is not fully understood. There are some factors related to the occurrence of psoriasis. However, these factors can not cause the psoriasis, only in combination with each other they can act as the impetus for the development of this disease:
- genetic predisposition;
- reduce the protective properties of the organism;
- psycho-emotional disorders;
- pathology endocrine.
It is assumed that psoriasis can be the consequence of an imbalance of the immune system. The skin accumulates a large number of T-lymphocytes, which leads to chronic inflammation of the affected areas. Histological examination of psoriatic arthritis material to confirm the presence of a high concentration of immune system cells to the affected areas, which enables you to strengthen the immunological factor in the development of psoriasis.
Genetic predisposition to psoriasis confirmed the presence of multiple mutations in the DNA sites. These areas are responsible for the development of immune system cells-T-lymphocytes. The failure of such sites can trigger the development of psoriasis. Therefore, if the parents suffer from psoriasis, the risk of developing this disease the child is at least 50% and even more. The researchers also attribute to the development of psoriasis already adults, with mutations in the genes.
Also cause the development of psoriasis can be stress, which leads to aggravation of symptoms. Emotional upset can trigger the release of hormones in the blood, which leads to a series of biochemical reactions, which, in turn, contribute to the emergence of a variety of skin rashes.
The study of the etiology of psoriasis has shown that in many patients there is a disruption of the endocrine and reproductive system, in addition, they have observed a violation of the process of the formation of pigment.
You can also mention the ancillary factors for the development of psoriasis: ecology, injury, unbalanced diet, poor living conditions, violations of basic hygiene.
We can say that psoriasis is hereditary specific disease, its development involves a complex of the above mentioned reasons.
Symptoms of the disease and its types
Psoriasis is a some common specific symptoms to accurately diagnose this disease. When psoriasis develops in three characteristic States:
- "paraffin" places, that if you try scraping the nail, peel, and its consistency similar to wax and stearic;
- red glossy surface, which is formed after the separation of scales and plaques. It is commonly called the terminal film;
- a very typical symptom of psoriasis symptom of "blood dew". If you can scrape all the flakes and plaques on the surface of the skin is made of small bloody points similar to the drops of dew.
Most often, psoriatic lesions are localized in the area of flexure of the large joints, in the armpit, scalp, groin, under the breasts, nails. The disease begins with the appearance of small itchy symmetrical rash, so they merge into one large conglomerate, occupying large areas of the skin. Itching becomes tolerable, and the separation of the scale causes the appearance of "blood dew".
Diagnosis of psoriasis cause some difficulty, because there are many different types of this disease. Psoriasis is in the following format:
- vulgaris (common psoriasis);
- psoriasis plaques;
- pustular psoriasis;
- psoriasis flexor surfaces;
- point psoriasis or in the form of drops.
Each type of psoriasis has its own code, the international qualification of diseases (ICD-10). Each disease has its own symptoms, symptoms and causes.
Treatment of psoriasis
Psoriasis treatment is more difficult, since the disease is chronic, with temporary remissions. However, today it is possible to significantly improve the patient's condition by reducing the clinical manifestations. Psoriasis treatment is a comprehensive application of common drug therapy, local drug therapy, application of physical therapy techniques and immunomodulators.
Primarily used in topical preparations for external use. The composition of these preparations contain substances, which include:
- Glucocorticosteroid hormones, which can prevent the active division of cells of the skin and reduce inflammation, itching and depression of the immune system.
- Drugs based on vitamin D, the efficiency of which is manifested in the department in which the uv radiation.
- Medications, which is active in zinc, which can quickly eliminate the itching and redness of the skin.
System (general) the treatment of psoriasis are used:
- Corticosteroids, which remove the symptoms of inflammation and regulate metabolism.
- Cytostatics inhibit uncontrolled cell division.
- Immunomodulators remove the malfunction of the immune system.
- Non-steroidal drugs that treat the symptoms of the disease: inflammation and itching, without that it affects the causes of the disease.
Physiotherapy treatment consists of several procedures:
- PUVA-therapy. This method is the use of photoactive chemical that is used in conjunction with long-wave ultraviolet radiation.
- Hirudotherapy. The use of leeches for the treatment of psoriasis, which improve the outflow of blood.
- The cold treatment. The method consists in immersing the patient in a few minutes in the hall, which has a very low air temperature. This method helps to eliminate the manifestation of the foci of inflammation and significantly reduce the itching.
Treatment of psoriasis with traditional method sometimes gives good results. Before you begin treatment, you need to consult a dermatologist. The doctor should inform the the methods of treatment and completely agree.
Complication and prevention of psoriasis
Complications of psoriasis appears serious diseases that are very difficult to treat: psoriatic arthritis, pustular psoriasis and psoriatic erythroderma. Prevention of the disease includes corrective measures:
- sanatorium-resort treatment;
- a balanced diet;
- healthy sleep;
- rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection;
- compliance with hygiene;
- moderate sports.